Do you think advertising is always deceptive Can you ever trust an ad Research Paper

Do you think advertising is always deceptive Can you ever trust an ad - Research Paper Example Some company products may use a celebrity in their adverts. This endorsement then proves to be deceptive as the celebrity may not be using the products. The use of the celebrity is just a thing to lure the consumers into buying the products (Cross, 2007). With this, then my trust in advertisements is withdrawn and hardly can I trust the ads. Trust refers to the reliance on an entity or a person. Trust in this context refers to the reliance on the ability, quality and quantity of the product or service being advertised. A consumer may withdraw his or her trust from the adverts due to the deceptive adverts by the companies (Babin, 2010). Most companies may manipulate the measuring standards and units. This means that the product will be different in quantity and measurement. This can be shown by a company that deals with measurable items such as fluids and measurable solid materials. The company could state that products are packed in a liter bottle but in real sense the fluids could be less by some milliliters. The same case applies to the solid measurable items which may be deficient by a few milligrams. This then makes the consumers have little trust in the ads and so do I (Cross, 2007). These companies may also give misleading illustrations through indications of additional ingredients in the products more than ones used. This then gives wrong information about the product and the consumer unknowingly uses the product which later does not give the desired satisfaction (Babin, 2010). Some of these adverts may claim that there is no risk of using the product and that the company will refund you if not satisfied. This claim seems very false as the company may not even refund you the money. Some other companies may employ bait and switch where they advertise unavailable products then when the consumer comes to purchase, he or she is given a different product of a higher value. This makes consumers have little faith in the advertisements and neither can

Testing Rodolpho Essay Example for Free

Testing Rodolpho Essay Catherine doesnt get drawn in by this and goes back to testing Rodolpho; she steels herself as if she is about to say something important and the audience know something is going to happen. She asks him a question that Rodolpho doesnt answer, but he immediately attacks her about Eddie and whether it was him making her ask the question:  Catherine [steeling herself]: Tell me something. I mean just tell me, Rodolpho would you still want to do it if it turned out we had to go live in Italy? I mean just if it turned out that way. Rodolpho: This is your question or his question?  The audience can tell that Rodolpho thinks about Eddie differently now to before the boxing. Before that Eddie was like a potential uncle to him but he has now realised how much Eddie hates him, or hes aware of something that he doesnt understand.  Rodolpho takes his anger for Eddie out on Catherine and he answers her question in a way that the audience dont expect him to and shocks them. Catherine is also shocked and upset that he hasnt told her he loves her. Rodolpho attacks Catherine about Eddie:  No; I will not marry you to live in Italy. I want you to be my wife and I want to be a citizen. Tell him that, or I will. Yes [He moves about angrily.] And tell him also, and tell yourself, please, that I am not beggar, and you are not a horse, a gift, a favour for a poor immigrant.  This shows Rodolpho is upset and angry that Eddie should suggest such a thing. He is proud and frustrated that Eddie and Catherine think of him this way. As he talks Rodolpho walks about showing his frustration and anger. He still doesnt tell Catherine that he loves her although he could be playing for time. The emotion moves on and Catherine talks about Eddie and what he means to her:  Its only that I He was good to me, Rodolpho. Good. He razzes me all the time but he dont mean it. I know. I would just feel ashamed if I made him sad. Cause I always dreamt that when I got married he would be happy at the wedding, and laughin and now hes mad all the time and nasty [She is weeping.]  She doesnt understand why Eddie doesnt like Rodolpho and feels like she doesnt know Eddie anymore. The audience feel her emotion and it makes them feel sad for her. She pleads with Rodolpho to get Eddie to trust him:  Tell him youd live in Italy just tell him, and maybe he would start to trust you a little, see? Because I want him to be happy; I mean I like him, Rodolpho and I cant stand it! The audience can see she is desperate and they feel for her. They want Rodolpho to do what she wants. Rodolpho doesnt seem to take her that seriously:  Oh Catherine oh, little girl  This could be taken as if Rodolpho is protective over her or that he is taking advantage of her.  Catherine tells Rodolpho she loves him but he doesnt tell her he loves her back, making the audience wonder why he didnt:  Catherine: I love you, Rodolpho, I love you.  Rodolpho: Then why are you afraid? That hell spank you?  He is suggesting that Catherine should trust him. Catherine shows she wants someone to treat her like an adult so she can be an adult:  You dont know; nobody knows! Im not a baby; I know a lot more than people think I know. Beatrice says to be a woman, but then why dont she be a woman?  The characters are developing and Catherine doesnt understand and doesnt know what to think. She is trying to understand what is going on and what people are trying to say, but she also wants to prove herself and show she isnt a baby. Things start to get more intimate and Rodolpho relates Catherine to nature and shows what Eddie is doing to her:  Catherine. If I take in my hands a little bird. And she grows and wishes to fly. But I will not let her out of my hands because I love her so much, is it right for me to do? I dont say you must hate him; but anyway you must go, mustnt you? Catherine?  This could also be interpreted as the bird being held like Rodolpho is holding Catherine. They hold each other and Rodolpho leads her towards the bedroom, showing Catherine as being defenceless and he is protective over her. This is a dramatic movement because the audience assume they will have sex. When Eddie comes in the audience can anticipate something will happen because he comes in drunk with many bottles:  [Light rises on the street. In a moment Eddie appears. He is unsteady, drunk. He mounts the stairs. He enters the apartment, looks around, takes out a bottle from one pocket, puts it on the table. Then another bottle from another pocket, and a third from an inside pocket. He sees the pattern and cloth, goes over to it and touches it, and turns towards upstage.]  Catherine enters from the bedroom first and tries to act naturally. Eddie mockingly asks if Rodolpho has been making her a dress, making the point that he thinks Rodolpho is gay. When Rodolpho appears from the bedroom Eddie realises what might have happened and the audience feel tension because they dont know what he will do. There is a dramatic pause before Eddie tells Rodolpho to get out.  Catherine follows Rodolpho and the audience can see that her loyalty is now with him instead of Eddie and she stands by Rodolpho.  I just cant stay here no more. You know I cant. [Her sobs of pity and love for him break her composure.] Dont you know I cant? You know that, dont you? [She goes to him.] Wish me luck. [She clasps her hands prayerfully.] Oh Eddie, dont be like that! This shows her desperation because she loves Eddie and wants him to agree. She doesnt know what else to do but she has decided to be a woman. What just happened in the bedroom with Rodolpho might have helped her to make this decision.  When Eddie intimately kisses her on the mouth he is showing that she is his not Rodolphos. This is a shock to the audience and might cause them to wonder if Eddie wants a relationship with Catherine. Rodolpho pulls Eddies arm away and tells him to stop it. He is appalled by what Eddie has done and might also be jealous. He tells Eddie that Catherine will be his wife, demanding and taking control. Eddie mocks and taunts Rodolfo until Rodolpho flies at him and Eddie kisses him. This is completely unexpected and shocks the audience even more than when Eddie kisses Catherine. The audience are horrified, as is Catherine who has realised that Eddie thinks Rodolpho is gay and she doesnt know what to think. As Eddie leaves the apartment he tells Rodolpho to get out alone, threatening him. The audience are not sure if Catherine is going to go with him and it is almost left on a cliff hanger because they dont know what is going to happen. The lights go down leaving a tense atmosphere.  This scene is particularly dramatically effective because of the fast pace and suspense. There is a lot of varying emotion and the audience never know what is going to happen next.

Changes In The Concepts Of Childhood

Changes In The Concepts Of Childhood Discuss how childhood has changed since the 19th century. How do concepts from this period continue to influence current attitudes to childhood? What is childhood Childhood, the early years of a persons life, between birth to about 8 years, is also considered most beautiful, most meaningful and most important part of life for a human being. The importance of childhood can be understood by observing the fact that though many scientists have different theories to define the process of human development they all agree on the importance of childhood and experiences in that time having a profound affect on an individuals life. Many researches have been made on the process of human development and tough there are many proposed theories the actual difference between them is about how complex the relation really is between the stages and not what the stages really are. The differences are intrinsic not extrinsic. They all agree that childhood is a time when a person is moving from concrete to abstract thought. Man did learn sciences such as astrology, numerology, mathematics etc but the concept of schooling was deficient. People only knew as much as was required to trade and earn a living. A study conducted on child development concluded that in the year 1750 about 33 percent of infants and new born babies were left on doorsteps or social care homes by parents. (Archard, 1993)Poor children were also made to work in land mines and other industries by their parents to earn a living. Efforts to eradicate child labor have been made over centuries by the responsible government bodies in different countries and social welfare organizations in the world. But it seems that despite the changing perceptions towards childhood, statistical data proves otherwise. The commencement of specific child development theories and acknowledgment of these theories only date back to some 200 years ago, in the 17th and 18th century. An acclaimed name, in this regard is of Professor Malcolm W. Watson. (Heywood, 2001)He researched on Human Development and formed theories that are still studied and followed. Results of his findings emphasized on six major theories by different people in different times. These theories focus on different stages man goes through from infancy to adulthood. Details of how environment and other factors affect childhood are also underscored. The theories encompass effects and behavioral changes in man and what we opine about our own selves, be it scientists, researchers or a common man. Psychodynamic theory-Sigmund Freud. (James, 2004)This theory says that human psychology can be broken down in to three separate parts. These are namely the id, the ego and the superego. Id is the childish part of our personality and its driving force is food, warmth and appreciation and the sexual drive. This side of every being is then balanced by the other two parts i.e. ego and superego. The superego is contradictory to id. It is that part of human personality which enables us to control one self. Through this one acts in a socially acceptable manner. The ego is some where in the middle of these two extremes. Most of our troubles arise from balancing between the id and the superego. Oedipus complex is another very important entity of Freuds theory. This stage is when the child develops feelings for his opposite sex parents. Boys wish to take place of their father and be the head of the family and act as a husband to their mother but at the same time they respect their father and fear that if they cross limits they will have to bare the consequences. Psychosocial theory by Erik Erickson (Kehily, 2003)He coined the famous phrase Identity Crisis. His personality theory had 8 stages from infancy to old age. These were 1. Hope, 2. Will, 3. Purpose, 4. Competence, 5. Fidelity, 6. Love, 7. Caring, 8. Wisdom. Erik was the first to bring forth the notion that development is spread over our entire lives and not just childhood. Integrated Attachment theory- John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth: This theory originated in the early years of 1950s and was a joint effort by John Bowlby, specialist in child psychiatry and a psychologist, Mary Ainsworth. The concept is based on relationships and connections developed in the yearly years of our life. Also real life issues in a childs life pertaining to loss and separations with which he had emotional ties are emphasized upon in the theory. Social Learning theory by Albert Bandura: This theory was a modified version of the traditional learning theories. It says that learning is the same in infants, children, adults and even animals. Albert says that all respond to stimulus. Cognitive Mediation theory- Lev Vygotsky: Supporting many other major theorists, Vygotsky opines that learning comes first and paves way for development. According to his theory, a child learns through other individuals around him i.e. parents, teachers, siblings and other children. He says that developing thoughts and new skills is based on people in the environment we live in and our interaction with them. Cognitive developmental theory- Jean Piaget: Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist says that children learn by building their own cognitive worlds. He believed that individuals go through four stages of understanding. All of these are age related. Sensorimotor stage: This is from birth to two years of age. In this first stage, infants coordinate the senses of seeing and hearing with physical and motoric experiences to understand. Thus, the name sensorimotor. Preoperational stage: It goes on from two years of age to seven years. Children at this stage start relating the world and their surroundings with words and images. They go beyond the sensory experiences in this stage. Concrete Operational Stage: This third stage lasts from 7 years to eleven years. Children can perform operations, and logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought as long as reasoning can be applied to specific or concrete examples. For instance, concrete operational thinkers cannot imagine the steps necessary to complete algebraic equation, which is too abstract for thinking at this stage of development. (Mayall, 1994) Formal Operational Stage: The final stage is from 11 to 15 years. Children move further from concrete thoughts to abstracts and logical thinking. As a part of abstractive thinking they create hypothetical ideal circumstances and then compare their own life with these standards, deducing a satisfactory conclusion. In a nutshell, childhood is the time when we are understanding simple operations in order to be able to understand and master complex tasks in future. We need to identify the environment around us and use language to make connections to objects and the world in general. If this basic understanding is faulty, the future would certainly hold a lot more surprises, and many of them would be unwelcome. Only when a child fully understands the world around is he really able to grasp abstract concepts and use logic to reach meaningful conclusions in future. Having now understood what childhood is all about, how a human mind is developing, in stages, to understand the world it is introduced to and how important this part of life is in your life and mine, let us now take a look into how childhood has been different for people in the past century and the present. Childhood in the 18th century Compared to Childhood in the 19th century To begin with, the treatment of children with utmost care, especially in their earliest years, is a fairly recent notion. Before the 18th century, child mortality rate was so high that people had a lot of children of whom only a few actually survived. Parents could not afford to get too emotionally attached to children until they crossed a threshold age where chances of survival became greater than chances of death. In France, during the 17th century, between 20%-50% of infants died in their first year. (5) (Wyness, 2000) Zelizer, in his book, Pricing The Priceless Child, tells us how in the middle ages, Spanish children when they died could be buried anywhere on the premises, rather like a cat or dog, often, their bodies were sewn together into sacks and put inside common graves.In early Arabian cultures, the birth of a female child was considered a burden, it was mourned upon and in cases the infant was buried alive. Religion played a vital role in controlling erratic human behaviors and in both the east and the west, the religious institution was the first to recognize the rights of children and honorable dealings with them. The following table describes how religion basd institutions have provided childhood care facilities in the African continent. (Linda, 1984) With time and with the slow but steady spread of education, the world started becoming a different place altogether, especially in respect of the rights of children, and that happened mostly during the 18th and 19th centuries. We have, as the human species, come to realize that childhood is not just a biological phase in life. It holds much more meaning; it gives birth to a social being that embodies the belief system of on an entire populace at a point in time. Parents attitudes toward child bearing and rearing have undergone drastic reconstruction in modern times. 19th Century Concepts: In the 19th century children did not have a significant importance. No formal education and learning took place inside homes. Mothers generally did not have the awareness to spend time with their children and nurture them. A father in every home has been the breadwinner since times immemorial but women in the 19th century also joined the earning league. Till the early 19th century children were used to earn a living and a study shows that more than fifty percent of factory workers were children under the age of eleven years in northern parts of the world. They were made to work hard and perform hazardous jobs such as cleaning up narrow chimneys and going down cramped tunnels owing to their small size. Most historians would agree that children in present day world are much better off than the children in past centuries. But they continue to debate the extent to which childhood has changed since the 19th century and how the adults approach to childhood and dealing with children has altered. As such, children in past centuries worked with their parents from a very small age. But it was the industrial revolution of the 19th century which actually caused the inception of child labour. Researchers in the field of human development take one of two stances when explaining early childhood. They hold either an essentialist view (which considers childhood a commonalty that is no different in any part of the world, more a biological state than anything deeper). The other view to childhood, the constructionist view pictures childhood as being different in different cultures and different times. A child in Japan would be fundamentally different than a child in Britain. The children of one count ry would also be much different at different times. We can just take a look at the children around us and see the difference between our childhood and theirs to grasp the importance of the constructionist view. Cross cultural differences in childhood and its perception by elders is linked to the societies sense of a childs autonomy. It was considered an a vital aspect of Western cultures (Holland, 1992)but was not so prominent in eastern ones. While western mothers emphasized on teaching their child personal values and their rights at , each part of their lives, Japanese and Pakistani mothers have always emphasized more on differential treatment of elders and good mannerism (Gittens, 1998)The difference, as we see it plainly today, is that Japanese children display greater sensitivity and self discipline while American children are more confident and expressive. However, it has long been a subject of argument between researchers that irrespective of the vast differences in child rearing strategies across many cultures the fundamental importance of parenthood comes out in the form of warmth and acceptance against rejection and neglect (Jenks, 1996)However whether eastern cultures have been m ore histile toward the child in the past or western cultures have been more so is a matter of debate. While western cultures have displayed a generally strict attitude toward the childrearing and the lack of acknowledgement to their a childs own autonomy, eastern cultures on the other hand believe that strictness, control and and even corporal punishment are but ways to shw a child how much a prent cares. While the Chienese may consider American parents less caring for their childrens development of important social virtues, the American parent may consider Chinese as totally autorotarian and irrational (Higgonet, 1998)However, another psychological argument presented by Scientists says that in such collectivistic cultural arrangements as the Chinese, Japanese or Indian, authoritarian and restrictive parenting practices are necessary for maintaining harmoniously stable society . Literature on childhood from different cultures across the world have shown two main stream belief systems, the concept of childhood as Dionysian and Apollonian (Jenks, 1996)The Dionysian belief, taking from the greek mythological figure Dionysus (Prince of wine, nature and revelry) assumes that every child is born with evil or corruption in its nature imbued in their conscience. The Apollonian child is considers, from nature, the very image of beauty, poetry, sunshine and light. This is the belief that is prevalent today in the 21st century but did not exist in earlier centuries. While 19th century children were treated rather like animals. The industrial revolutions laid the foundations for the market for low paid child labour. IN textile factories, they worked as many as twelve hours a day. As education crept into the masses the parliament began passing laws to curtail child labour, but the first effective rule, emforced with the help of factory inspectors, came about in 1833. Education was not considered a necessity for every child and the responsibility of the state as late as 1870 and even then the poorest members of society could not afford school fee which were abolished in 1891. Victorian children were used to beatings and in extreme circumstances, poor children were forced to wear a cap which said dunce meaning a stupid person. Children dressed like adults, were supposed to act like adults and were treated in both love and hate as adults. The extent of neglect towards children can be seen by the fact that the first public park for children was build as late as 1859 in the city of Manchester. To us then, the hundreds of complex laws that protect children from evils makes utmost sense. Sexual and physical abuse, pornography, beatings and even simple neglect are considered crimes against childhood. Special laws for the special treatment of children are now in place to ensure that children are treated with delicate care. It seems that parental affection is not much of an instinct but only a reflection of what parents consider to be their duties toward their off spring. (Higgonet, 1998) It is a fact that parents in our world today can exercise less power over their children than in the past because a part of child rearing is controlled by the state (Donzalot, 1980). However these regulations have been brought into action to curtail the misuse of parental authority over children. Good parents can still be good parents, in fact, outside interference in maters such as family etiquettes, a childs eating, dressing, sleeping and entertainment habits and the setting of acceptable beahvorial standards is considered a breach of the parents right. The state usually only intervenes when it fears that the child is being ill treated or when it believes that the child is not well brought up and would be a danger to those around him or her. John Hood Willams (1990) points out that childrens lives are controlled by their families in quite a array of ways. Their social spaces are strictly defined, their times are set by elders, their clothes and haircut is subject to the parents ima ge of decency or acceptability. Parents even provide rules to be followed when eating, walking, talking and even standing in a crowd. Children are the most vulnerable to corporal punishment or all other members in the human society (Kline, 1993) However, 19th century and present day childhood is vastly different. Todays world is quite different than in the past century. Science and technology have rocketed human understanding of life many times over. Though the industrial revolution laid the foundations of all the progress we have seen in the past two hundred years, the greatest speed in the development of sciences and discovery has been hosted by the past 60 -70 years. Increasingly, the world has accepted that it is a global arena and not one divided by geographical boundaries. Cross cultural knowledge exchange has lead to a different populace which is ready to take on aspects of other societies almost readily. The media and internet have, without a trace of doubt, the greatest importance in the life of the modern child. Children are not only aware of fashion, trends and coursework, they are also aware of their rights and that 911 can save them from a parents physical or emotional abuse. At the same time that the present ce ntury is a blessing on children, it should also be brought into account that the 20th and 21st centuries have made childhood much more prone to corruption than previous centuries. To begin with, our environment is in a state of alarm, pollution and the green house effect have starting melting glaciers. Sea levels continue to rise and natural calamities have begun to affect humans in ever increasing ways. While countries emphasize on becoming wealthier and more powerful, they continue to expand their industrial and technological horizons but do not place due importance to the physical and mental development of a child. Physical activity (especially sport) for children has become an endangered species while computers and mobile phones have taken their place as a childs entertainment activity. Life has become fast and so much so that we enjoy and prefer fast food even if it delivers extremely low nutrition value and high cholesterol levels. Drug and sex abuse of children seems to be ri sing steadily, despite the existing laws to regulate such unacceptable actions. Terrorism, radical thought and the spirit of revolution among youth have made childhood an age where there should actually be more protection and concern from parents and the state. A childs cognitive and socioemotional development is therefore at the forefront of modern worlds strategies to rear better children. Cross cultural psychological studies have discovered that there are many ways in which cultural factors help in developing a sound child who would later develop into a socially acceptable person. The organization of physical and social setup in a surrounding, dictated by culture has a profound affect on the childs mannerism and activities. Prevalent social values, customs and norms provide a medium to evaluate his own acceptability or conformity in a society. Parental beliefs and practices, which have been molded by culture play a mediating role in a childs understanding of the world in which he/she lives. Contemporary societies use the schooling system, also built around their own cultural value, to imbed certain levels of acceptability criteria in the minds of children. (Gittens, 1998) For the broad minded modern child, many pieces of information, the instance of sexual information, is quite important in order to be able to perform in an agreeable way. It has already been shown by research that romantic ideals pave way for women coming to terms with their sexual drives and experiences .(Woodhead, 2003)At the same time boys, who hardly share romantic ideals with their parents tend to take on their masculine audacity to deal with love and sexual involvement .This finally leads to a pattern of married life (seen among the general populace) where women hardly get to the emotional closeness they expect to receive from their husbands .

Scott Joplin :: essays research papers

Scott Joplin was know as the kings of ragtime. I will explain also explain how he grew up and what type of music he played. I will also write about why I believe he deserves the title that he has been bestowed upon him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first thing I will talk about is the type of music he is know for which gave him that name. Most people listen to the type of music he composed but next to none know who or how it was composed. There seems to be an abundance of music fans who know little or nothing about the origin of their music. By discussing what he has accomplished it will explain why he is considered to be so important to his type of music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rag time as it is most commonly know was the type of fast paced music played around 1885 in St. Louis. Scott Joplin was born in 1868 and lived until 1917, but has done a lot in his life span. He was one of the first African Americans to be know as a composer. Born in Texarkana, Texas to a large family with musical background, he began learning to play the guitar and beagle, and gained free piano lessons by showing such fast progression to his teachers. After death of his mother, he left the house at age fourteen. He learned much form traveling through Mississippi playing in local spots and learning form what was offered to him. In 1885 he arrived in St. Louis, at the time a center for a new music phenomenon called ragtime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ragtime, also called â€Å"ragged rhythm†, was first a piano style know for its fast paced beats. It first came into the publics eye in 1893 when he performed an instrumental ensemble at the World Exposition in Chicago. His originally developed style of rag time know as â€Å"Maple Leaf Rag† First came on the scene in a club in Sedalia, Missouri as his own form of ragtime. In 1899 He gained nationwide popularity after selling over one million copies worldwide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After this Joplin tried to make this new from of piano style he had grown to love more widely know form of music In 1911 he finished an opera called Treemonisha, designed to reach this status. Sadly this opera was not well accepted by the public and caused him to slip into a state of depression.

Health Leads Essay

As recently mentioned, there will be a health focus to a workshop on climate change in Melbourne this weekend that is being put on by the Green Institute. One of the speakers is Senator Richard Di Natale, the Greens health spokesperson, who writes below that we need to focus more on the underlying causes of poor health. On related themes, don’t miss this New York Times article which profiles an organisation working on the social causes of poor healt. Health Leads trains about 1000 volunteers each year to staff resource desks in the waiting rooms of hospital clinics or health centers in Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, New York, Providence, R.I., and Washington. At these sites, doctors now regularly â€Å"prescribe† a wide range of basic resources — like food assistance, housing improvements, or heating fuel subsidies — which the Health Leads volunteers â€Å"fill†, by applying their problem solving skills to identify resources anywhere they may be availa ble. Health Leads was co-founded by a Harvard University student, Rebecca Onie, in 1996 and up until a year ago, she thought that the organisation’s biggest obstacle would be getting doctors to pay attention to patients’ social needs. But the organisation now gets so many referrals from doctors that it has waiting lists. According to the report, Health Leads offers a model of how to develop a workforce to systematically address the social causes of illness The real crisis in health Not many people give up a career in medicine to become a politician. However, I still have the same goal: the good health of Australians. Australia’s health care system isn’t bad. We spend less on health care than many other countries, about 9% of GDP (less than half of that spent in the USA), but most of us get access to high quality care when we need it. But we are also one of the most hospitalised nations in the world, with more overnight beds per capita than any other OECD country. And even with the relatively high rate of hospitalisation, 60 per cent of our population is overweight, half the teeth of Australians aged 35-44 have some decay and alcohol abuse is costing our economy billions each year and rising. Australia isn’t having a health crisis. We’re having a preventative health crisis. The cost of a hospital bed is considerable, but we’re failing to invest in measures that prevent people from needing that bed in the first place. Dental health is a prime example of the opportunity we have to transform our health system through better preventative measures. Currently, 650,000 Australians are on public dental care waiting lists, and dental admissions are the highest cause of acute preventable hospital admissions. Illness due to untreated dental disease is costing us dearly. Yet less than 20 per cent of dental care is currently funded by the Government, compared to nearly 80 per cent of general medical services. For alcohol abuse and obesity as well, there are many preventative measures we can take to reduce the enormous costs to our economy each year. In addition to publicly funded dental care, I will be working towards a phase-out of alcohol and junk-food advertising during sports broadcasts, a more rational alcohol taxation system and better food labelling regulations. It doesn’t take much imagination to see how a small investment in prevention can save us large costs in cure. And with greater preventative health measures, we have more opportunity to address the social inequalities in health in Australia. Health isn’t just a physical condition. If you have less income and less education, you are more likely to have poorer health. Beyond genetic make-up, behaviour and access to medical care, social inequality is still a strong determinant of health. This is especially acute when it comes to the health of Indigenous communities. Climate change is emerging as a major health issue, and once again, those who are more likely to suffer health problems due to climate change are those on the lower end of the socio-economic scale. During heatwaves and other extreme weather events, we have seen that the poor, the elderly and children are most affected. Already, our changing climate is creating a rise in vector-borne diseases, such as Dengue Fever, Malaria and Ross River Fever, and increasing rates of gastroenteritis will also take a heavier toll on the most vulnerable.

GISAT 160 Essays

GISAT 160 Essays GISAT 160 Essay GISAT 160 Essay Name Course Instructor Date : GISAT 160 1. What is the thesis (or central claim) of this text? The author seeks to highlight the health and psychological effects associated to television addiction. Television is viewed by many across the world, but people are becoming increasingly subconscious that it leads to addiction. Many people perceive addiction to being of chemical substances such as drugs like heroin and morphine. However, this text contradicts this and shows the chemical activity inside the human anatomy when people watch television. The chemical activities involving the brain and nervous system are related to those of a drug addict. Research is also used to show that those who spend most of their time on TV experience withdrawal symptoms similar to those addicted to chemical substances. 2. What are the author’s motives for writing the text (authorial intent)? The author aims at educating the masses on the need to reduce risks associated with television addiction. The risks are psychological, social and even health risks such as obesity and sleep deprivation. He aims at proving this addiction exists as a reality and should not be ignored or disputed. â€Å"Of course not all addictions are chemical.† This is according to the author who is demystifying the various types of addiction. 3. What arguments does the author use to support the thesis? A variety of arguments by the author verifies his claims. There are research and studies that support claims of the text. For instance, the article from Eastern Province Herald, in South Africa, which conducted an experiment between two families from different socio-economic status not to watch TV for just a month. The poor family gave in within the first week, and the other family members were affected by cases of depression. Their feelings were similar to losing a friend and had negative psychological effects. He also uses research by scientists conducted on lab rats to show opioid-stimulants induce behavior of an addictive nature similar to that of watching TV. 4. Identify and explain the methods of argumentation used by the author (such as appeals to the intellect or emotions). The author employs the use of sources of authority whereby he applies the use of a professional opinion in Psychotherapist Thomas Mulholland research work. The research showed that within 30 seconds of watching TV Alpha brain waves were produced. These are associated with losing focus and an over receptive, consciousness state. This supports his argument that watching television is an inactive process. 5. Identify and explain the assumptions (e.g., cultural, scientific, political, social) the author uses to support the thesis. The author uses the assumption that advertising agencies and the government are always out to make money with little or no concern for the consumers. This is his explanation as to why the television is flooded with attractive and entertaining advertisements while using public figures for the consumer to relate with when using the product. He also assumes because of an individual’s emotional instability, they tend to escape reality through the TV. 6. Identify and explain instances in which the author employs flawed logic or faulty reasoning. Use the â€Å"fallacies in reasoning† handout for explanations. The author uses generalizations to support his statements. He uses the assumption that television turns everyone into zombies while not everyone is influenced by the TV as most people are. The generalization from the research that people of all generations are influenced by the violent programs on TV to have an overestimation of the violent situations in reality is not conclusive. Some people are influenced by personal experiences and a violent environment in the way they view violent situations. 7. Assess the reliability of the evidence used by the author by identifying and explaining each of the following: a) Which statements are factually inaccurate? The claim that television turns everyone into a zombie is not a proven fact. Just because majorities of individuals become inactive and non-responsive when watching TV, does not apply to all individuals. b) Which statements or data are deceptive? Statements like â€Å"it brainwashes consumers to throw away money† is not true. Some consumers buy products whether they are advertised on not. Sometimes the consumer is influenced by personal choice and preference but not brainwashed. c) What evidence is not relevant to supporting the thesis? The statistics that 75% of women in America think they are overweight do not fully support the report. The author assumes that these women are influenced by women on TV who are slimmer. However, this is not proven as different factors may influence this perception. d) What relevant evidence or information has been omitted? The writer omits information on the other time spent by Average Americans despite the four hours on TV; the rest of the time is not accounted. There are no clear figures and statistics on the total number of Americans suffering from obesity and sleep deprivation. The writer just sites many TV addicts suffer from this, while other categories of individuals also have similar health issues. 8. Identify and explain any words or phrases used to support the thesis that are vague, unclear, or ambiguous. â€Å"An addictive mind control device† this statement refers to the television and does not clearly indicate how mind control occurs. He only uses the element of the early stages of hypnosis to show mind control. However, not much research and evidence has been used to show how a person is mind controlled by the television. The statement is thus deemed vague. Moreover, hypnosis is not proven to have an effect on everyone.

The eNotes Blog Spring Survival Tips for the ACTs andSATs

Spring Survival Tips for the ACTs andSATs High school students, its that time of year again Exam time! Oh joy of joys. To assist you in this hour of need, weve got a few tips to help you out on the ACT and SAT exams that are fast approaching, along with some important dates and deadlines to help you stay on track. Have a question regarding either exam? Post it in a comment and well answer it for you ASAP! SATs Important Dates: If youve already registered for the next test, its just around the corner on May 7th. If you havent yet taken the test this Spring, you should register for the June 1st test date by May 7th. Head to collegeboard.org  to register online asap. Study Materials:  The College Board site is a veritable treasure trove of helpful links. Nobody should go into the exam without becoming very familiar with itand that includes much more than taking the PSAT in your junior year. One extremely useful page is the SAT Study Plan  area. This is your homepage from where you can navigate practice tests and questions, as well as tips on various sections of the test. Whats even better is that it is completely customizable; those of you who have never taken the test before will see different content than those who have taken the SATs at least once. Plus, for those in the latter category, theres even a page where you can get even more personalized feedback based on your PSAT scores. You can check that page out here. Of course, purchasing a physical study book is always a bright idea. The upside of the College Board SAT support site, though, is that it has all the helpful strategies, tips, and practice tests youll find in a book, with the added benefit of being free and only a click away. Maximize your time by receiving the SAT Question of the Day by emailyoull be studying every day without even realizing it. Finally, heres one really helpful study material you might not have heard about SAT Vocabulary Novels. If you struggle with the SAT Vocab section, as most students do, the absolute best way to expand your vocabulary is by reading. Seeing words in their context is infinitely more helpful than memorizing definitions on flashcards. It also ensures that you remember those words for far longer. The SAT Vocabulary Novel series contains books of all genres, all geared towards teens. Take Rave New World, for example, a futuristic dystopian novel about love and addiction. These books intersperse the most popular SAT words throughout, then highlight them with definitions at the bottom of the page. Really useful stuff to get you familiar with that intimidating SAT lexicon, and way more riveting than the dictionary. Insider Tips: I used to tutor juniors and seniors for SAT and ACT prep, and in each student the greatest (and fastest) progress I saw was in the Writing section of both tests. In the SATs this consists of the question sections Improving Sentences, Improving Paragraphs, and Identifying Sentence Errors, as well as the 25-minute essay portion of the exam. If youre cramming before the next test and want to see improvements quickly, my best advice to you is to take a crash course in grammar and punctuation. Many English grammar rules are never properly addressed in school; your teachers may encourage you to use the semi-colon to appear smarter, but never actually instruct the rules of using it properly (semi-colon intended!). Find out the rules of subject-verb agreement,   parenthetical clauses, independent vs. subordinate clauses, comma usage  and other marks of punctuation, pronouns, and especially  subjective vs. objective pronouns  (in other words knowing when to use who and w hom). Study up on the basic mechanics of writing and I promise youll see a huge improvement in all sections of the SAT Writing test. Click on the hyperlinks to OWL Purdue for more info on each rule, then follow-up with specific questions for your English teacher. Having somebody guide you through these grammar rules will make them so much easier to understand. Unfortunately, grammar is largely left out of the high school rubric, so a little extra effort is required on your part here. ACTs Important Dates: The next available testing date is June 8th. Registration must be purchased by May 3rd. To register, head to actstudent.org. Study Materials:  Like for the SAT, the ACT official website provides test prep support and practice tests. You can access these resources from the ACT test prep page, here. Since the site is less engaging than the SATs, though, I recommend that you purchase an ACT prep bookI used this one when I tutored my students (its the official one put out by the ACT company). However, similar strategies do apply for both the SAT and ACTs Writing and Math sections, which means that some SAT test practice in those areas will still benefit you greatly. Compared to the SAT, the ACT is a little more straightforward in its questions, in my opinion, which is probably why it has grown so much in popularity in recent years. Many students find that they score higher on this test than on the SAT (though its a good idea to take both tests and compare your scores to play up to your greatest strengths). One prominent difference that sets the ACT apart is its Reading section. Rather than containing many short paragraphs, it consists of four articles in four different subjects: Social Studies, Natural Sciences, Prose Fiction, and Humanities. The varying subjects exist to test your abilities in gathering information and making inferences depending on the content at hand; for some this can be more difficult when reading fiction, for others the sciences are more intimidating. It all depends on what kind of learner you areor so you might presume In fact, the test questions in each category are all the same: you have to make inferences, identify vocabulary in context, understand the main idea of the passage, and so on. The best way to come to this realization is to practice the Reading test as many times as you can, which means that finding a study guide with numerous practice sections is imperative. Not only will this make you more comfortable with the multi-subject style of the Reading p ortion, but it will also help you figure out the time strategy that works best for you. Insider Tips:  Yes, the ACT contains a Science section. No, you do NOT have to be a Science wiz to score well on it. Case in point: I, recipient of an English Lit degree and longtime scaredy-cat of anything Chemistry or Physics-related, was able to teach it. And before you fear for the poor souls under my tuition let me tell you this: by the end of the course, all of them excelled in the ACT Science section. Ill let you in on the secret Do NOT study Science to prepare for this test. This means dont brush up on your periodic table, dont familiarize yourself with Newtons laws, dont memorize conversion formulas or read everything available about the Higgs Boson particle in the hopes that it will make it onto the test, just DONT. Someone with an 8th-grade understanding of Science can still do well on this test section, as long as the student recognizes that this is a test of your skills of comprehension. You will be given some data representation (simple graphs and charts), research summaries, and conflicting viewpoints of various experiments and studies, then asked 40 questions total. These questions will test your ability to form conclusions based on the evidence in front of you. Sometimes these experiment summaries (ones in the conflicting viewpoints category) are based on completely fictional Science, which means that many times the most scientific task you will be presented with will be to look at a line graph. No Higgs Boson particles here. Though on the surface this portion of the exam may seem more intimidating than the Reading section, the evidence is actually presented in a much clearer, more easily navigable format. If you can overcome your initial fears of Science, this section will be a walk in the park for you. To familiarize yourself more with the Science test, check out this helpful video from ACT Inc below: And there you have it, the most important tips and deadlines youll need to know ahead of your next standardized test. Got any questions for a former SAT/ACT tutor? Ask in a comment and Ill get you an answer. Good luck! PSfor some guidance on the exam portion of the tests, check out these helpful answers from expert educators in our Essay Lab topic: How can I best organize my essay? What are some tips for writing a high-scoring essay on the ACT? On the SAT?

Pearson Education Essays

Pearson Education Essays Pearson Education Essay Pearson Education Essay The similarities between the two are, that they both have the view that action is important in cognitive development. But where they differ is that Vygotsky believes that instruction is an essential part of learning where Piaget believes that it is more the motivation of the child and less adult participation.  With the ZPD, some situations may inhibit the learning, for e.g., when the teacher asks too many questions or where the child is in a group of dominant peers. In the classroom there is less opportunity for activity in which the teacher can test the individual childs ZPD. Donaldson criticised Piagets claims that the pre-operational child cannot cope with tasks like conservation, because they lack the logical thought processes. She found that the if worded differently, and using equipment or situations that were more relevant to that childs life then the experiments would show different results- results that prove that a pre-operational child was more intelligent than Piaget had previously published. Rose and Blank (1974) and Samuel and Bryant (1984) also carried out experiments that considered the forming of questioning. McGarrigle and Donaldson in 1974 carried out an experiment using a character called Naughty Teddy. This experiment was to show that when an adult asks if something has been altered a child is more likely to say yes, when it is not the case but if naughty teddy was to alter something then the child would usually come up with the correct answer as it was not be influenced by trying to answer what the adult wants it to hear. Other research has found that children develop certain cognitive structures earlier than Piaget claimed. Bower (1981) found that infants 5-6 months old showed surprise when an object that had been hidden behind a screen was no longer there when the screen was lifted. He also demonstrated that babies of eight weeks tracked an object when it moved behind a screen by showing with their eyes where it should emerge. I believe that critics to Piaget and Vygotsky have encouraged more people to examine their theories, however I believe that Donaldson at the time of her publication, blew Piaget out of the water. She argued that children are not at any stage as egocentric as Piaget has claimedchildren are not so limited in ability to reason deductively as Piaget and others have claimed andhis (a childs) language-learning skills are not so isolated from the rest of his mental growth8. Due to theorists such as Donaldson who challenged Piagets theories, Piaget is now looked at as more of a pioneer of his time rather than for his accuracy in his stages of development, however there are Piagetian theorists that follow the main ideas of Piaget, such as Doise and Mugny but they take account of the social context of peer interaction within which the child operates. Vygotsky, like Piaget is appreciated immensely for making huge advancements in the field of cognitive development, theorists like Bruner have included their ideas but moved on to base his own conclusion. I believe that criticisms have affected the standing of their theories, however the majority of present day theorists base their ideas loosely from either Piaget or Vygotsky, so even nearly a hundred years later after Vygotskys writings they are still as relevant today as they were then. Bibliography Bee H, Boyd D, (2000), The Developing Child, London: Pearson Education Inc.  Curtis A., OHagen M., (2003), Care and Education in Early Childhood, London:  Routledge Falmer  Donaldson, M, (1978) Childrens Minds, London : Fontana.  Flanagan C, (1997), Letts Study Guide Psychology, London: Letts Educational  Smith K.P, Cowie H, Blades M, (2003) Understanding Childrens Development, Oxford:  Blackwell Publishing.

Monetary theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Monetary theory - Research Paper Example Its value differs in different regions and parts of the world when compared. However, it is a common accepted and standard means of exchange by people within a boundary; that is why an individual from outside a nation will find himself with either few or more money after currency change in a foreign land that does not share similar currency. According to Leyshon and Thrift, there exist several forms of money, â€Å"namely; pre-modern money; commodity money; money of account; state money and virtue money† (3). Money exists as paper (certified currency notes), metallic coins, made of kinds of metals and credit money which is easily convertible and highly appreciated through cheques. In the past, a variety of commodities ranging from iron, gold, copper, silver, shells and animals served as a medium of exchange in various locations and times. The history of money can be traced back from the act of exchange; however, barter trade was not able to handle the complexity of life dealin gs and so had to be replaced with a common medium. Money must be easy to transport and identify, durable, difficult to duplicate, divisible and widely accepted (â€Å"the measure of money,† boj.org). Money supply in the economy: This is simply the amount of money circulating in an economy. Several methods have been put across to measure money supply in an economy. However, the measures differ from nation to nation, in time and the intention. According to Dwivedi, â€Å"(i) money supply is a stock variable and measure of money supply refers to the stock of money at of point in time; (ii) by measure of money supply is meant the measure of stock of money available to the public as a means of payments and store of value and (iii) the term ‘public’ means all economic units including household, firms and institution† (212) excluding some areas like commercial and main central banks where money is in circulation. To quantify money, various policy makers and econo mists use M0, M1, M2 and M3 methods. â€Å"M1includes money in circulation, checkable deposits and traveler’s checks while M2 adds savings deposits, time deposits held in depository information and money market mutual funds share on top of M1†( Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel, and Macpherson 266). M0 is the monetary base from which other measures build on while M3 is a broader measure including items that would be termed to be close substitutes for money. Money value is affected by its supply in the market; when its supply is limited comparing with its demand, its value is high at the time, but when unlimited in circulation, it looses its value; that is, one uses a lot of it to buy few items. Money supply is a very central issue in any nation; in most countries, it is handled by the government through central banks and treasury, other involved groups are credit unions and depository institutions among others with regard to a nation. Money supply in an economy will always affec t interest rates; with increase in supply, the GDP increases too in the short run while price level in the long run, otherwise they both decrease in the same manner respectively. Money supply is important to GDP calculation and its increase bids bond prices up as it slows down the interest rate to affect investments which in turn influences total output in an economy. Suppose money supply generates faster than real output, inflation tends

Mmigration in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mmigration in the US - Essay Example Still women are not better off than men when it comes to migrating. It is easy for men to socialize and settle due to their nature. They can compromise on many things like privacy and cleanliness. Many men can stay together in a small place together. The same is extremely difficult for a woman. She has needs of privacy therefore cannot just stay anywhere. She also needs safety as she cannot defend herself. The treatment of a lonely female is not very well in many societies. All in all the needs of women are different than that of men and therefore they find it difficult to migrate as compared to men. Women, if coming from a culture where they are not treated equally to a host country where laws are much more developed, may still not be better off than men, at least in the beginning. The cultural shock is something that a woman has to face when migrating in a new country. The customs and traditions are different and they may cause discomfort for a woman. Men on the other hand can adju st to such changes rather easily. In today’s world there has been seen a surge in demand for female labor and this is attracting women to migrate. According to the latest trends women are migrating independently to support their families (Oishi, 1). The overall labor market has gone through many changes. In developed countries today husband and wife both are working and this creates a demand for migrants Nannies. This is one of the reasons behind increase in women migration. Female migration is increasing but it is still safe to say that women are at the losing end. This is because most women that migrate come from poor background and desperately need money for their families. This increases the social position of the family and of women but internal happiness of women is compromised. She is mostly living away from her child or her family. It is important to note here that women migrate when they have reached the mature ages. They are born in a culture where families live tog ether closely. They come from a collectivist background where family is more important than an individual. These women when migrate to developed world are not comfortable in working individually. They are only doing it out of necessity not by choice. This takes the toll on the personal life of a woman and therefore she has more to lose than a man. Men even in collectivist society enjoy power and freedom to a certain extent therefore they are better off when migrating. Part 2 When adopting policies for immigrants countries first have to understand the possible issues that immigrants face in the host country. After an understating of these issues appropriate measures can be suggested. Most of the immigrants travel to the host countries for earning more money and living a better lifestyle. Immigrants identify needs that cannot be met in their home countries and therefore they migrate to other countries. The main reason for migration is financial in nature. Most immigrants are poor ther efore they are willing to work at lower rates because of the difference in exchange rates. Earning for example $3 an hour is more than enough for a person to finance his whole family in Nigeria. This is where state should intervene because immigrants are not aware of their rights in the new country. State has to protect immigrants from possible exploitation of business owners. For this purpose state can open special centers for immigrants that can keep

The Relationship between Revenue Management and Pricing Strategies in Research Paper

The Relationship between Revenue Management and Pricing Strategies in Airline Industries - Research Paper Example This essay discusses that Revenue Management (RM) falls under the dynamic pricing models. There are several terms used to describe revenue management. The most common on is yield management, or a combination of several terms such as Price and Revenue Management (PRM), or Perishable asset revenue management (PARM). It normally describes a pricing method where the cost of buying the product or service changes over time to take advantage of the variation in consumer willingness to pay a certain price for the product. Depending on the industry, the prices either increase or decrease with time. In the electronics market for instance, the price of a product is normally higher during the launch compared to the prices charged after some time. In the airline industry, prices typically increase towards the scheduled time of the flight. Pricing strategy refers to the framework that a producer uses to set the prices for a particular product. Pricing strategy is very crucial because it affects th e potential for success of a product. The most basic pricing model is unit cost pricing model, which assigns the price of an item based on the cost of production and the expected margin. Pricing is not normally a straightforward affair because forces of supply and demand affect it. The price of an item tends to be closer to what the market is willing to pay for than the simple arithmetic of cost of production and margin. Dynamic pricing models tend to seek to maximize revenue based on the prevailing demand. In some cases, dynamic pricing actually disregards the cost of production. ... In some cases, dynamic pricing actually disregards the cost of production. In the case of the airline industry, unit cost is an unstable way of organizing pricing because of the large upfront cost Revenue management is the most dominant pricing model in the airline industry because of its potential to boost profitability in that particular industry. It came about after the liberalization of the industry in the late seventies. Airline executives found themselves in a tight spot because of increasing competition in the fledgling industry. They sought to find ways of increasing the profitability of the airlines in the industry based on their existing carrying capacity. However, the airline industry is not the only industry that uses yield management. The hotel industry also uses it and other industries such as printing firms, bus companies, car hire firms and private lodges also use it to maximize revenue against a backdrop of fixed capacity and highly perishable products (Koenig & Meis sner 2011). The goal of this paper is to investigate the relationship between revenue management and pricing within the airline industry. In the first part, the discussion will seek to examine the important issues surrounding revenue management, followed by an analysis of how those factors affect pricing strategy in the second part. Literature Review The Concept of Revenue Management There is a wide variety of terms, concepts, and approaches to the study of revenue management. Some scholars use all the related terms interchangeable stressing the greater meaning of time sensitive pricing. Older researchers used yield management and revenue management to mean the same thing (Boella 2000; Bieger & Agosti 2005). Recent

Principles of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of Marketing - Essay Example ace’ component of the marketing mix this paper will discuss what distribution strategies are used in the industry, with an analysis of how much information is given during the adverts. Lastly this paper will discuss whether or not the adverts tell us anything about distribution and if the product utilizes a push or pull strategy. According to National Geographic (2010) the annual expenditures on cosmetics globally is approximately U.S. $18 billion annually. According to a study conducted by the UK based cosmetic store ‘Superdrug’ it is the case that 70% of women in the UK do not leave the house without makeup (Oneindia.com, 2010). Given the size of this industry and the demand for product there is little question that there are a number of different players have carved out a niche in the mascara industry. While the history of mascara may go back over a century, in the modern context some of the largest players in this market are L’Oreal, Revlon and Maybelline. Moreover, there are a number of smaller independent cosmetics makers that create niche products in the market such as Mary Kay. As it is the case there are different firms with different strategies it is difficult to pinpoint exactly what strategy is employed for each individual company. With aggressive strategies In terms of the promotion mix, advertising plays a very important role with the utilization of most media outlets such as television and radio adverts, billboards, in-store displays, direct marketing campaigns, web-content and even product placement. According to Peachey (2002) Revlon spent  £5m to play a pivotal part in the storyline of the American soap opera, ‘All My Children’ which frequently references the Mascara product offerings of the company. In the example of Mary Kay the company utilizes an aggressive ‘personal selling’ strategy so that an element of expert advice can be provided to help educate consumers of what product offerings can best meet the needs of the

Principles of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of Marketing - Essay Example ace’ component of the marketing mix this paper will discuss what distribution strategies are used in the industry, with an analysis of how much information is given during the adverts. Lastly this paper will discuss whether or not the adverts tell us anything about distribution and if the product utilizes a push or pull strategy. According to National Geographic (2010) the annual expenditures on cosmetics globally is approximately U.S. $18 billion annually. According to a study conducted by the UK based cosmetic store ‘Superdrug’ it is the case that 70% of women in the UK do not leave the house without makeup (Oneindia.com, 2010). Given the size of this industry and the demand for product there is little question that there are a number of different players have carved out a niche in the mascara industry. While the history of mascara may go back over a century, in the modern context some of the largest players in this market are L’Oreal, Revlon and Maybelline. Moreover, there are a number of smaller independent cosmetics makers that create niche products in the market such as Mary Kay. As it is the case there are different firms with different strategies it is difficult to pinpoint exactly what strategy is employed for each individual company. With aggressive strategies In terms of the promotion mix, advertising plays a very important role with the utilization of most media outlets such as television and radio adverts, billboards, in-store displays, direct marketing campaigns, web-content and even product placement. According to Peachey (2002) Revlon spent  £5m to play a pivotal part in the storyline of the American soap opera, ‘All My Children’ which frequently references the Mascara product offerings of the company. In the example of Mary Kay the company utilizes an aggressive ‘personal selling’ strategy so that an element of expert advice can be provided to help educate consumers of what product offerings can best meet the needs of the

Real Estate Personal Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Real Estate Personal Statement - Essay Example This experience enriched me with a native fluency in the second language and unique experience in an international environment. In addition, I have greatly improved on my organizational skills due to continuous time pressure during my study abroad. I am conscious that a real estate agent, especially in touristic areas, has to be proficient in several languages and possess a power of persuasion. That is why French and Spanish are my additional languages of choice that I work on in parallel to my main studies and already achieved significant proficiency in both of them. Moreover, I try when possible to engage in volunteer activity or short part time work as a receptionist to polish my communication skills with as a large variety of people. In final years of my undergraduate study I focused more on the Real Estate related profession and in two years successfully acquired a Real Estate License from Chamber of Commerce of Perugia. As my final exams are approaching I would like to define my future career entry as precise as possible and make sure that any additional studies or internships are well aligned with my professional goals. I strongly believe that my motivation and enthusiasm combined with short, but intense professional experience will help me to tackle future challenges in professional as well as educational settings. I look forward in exploring new horizons and educational opportunities that could help to propel my future

Project Management Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management Challenges - Essay Example A project manager may have to perform extra hard in case of chains being spread across different parts of the world where different cultural values are in place. In a broadly segmented and international enterprises where the employees are appointed from different domains and locations, the factor of cultural context and other variables also becomes important with regard to the project manger’s tasks and duties. Cultural consideration is a subsequent challenge that comes along with the international Human Resource Management handling. Ensuring that the responsibilities are assigned to the people in the due manner without giving any one in the organization any compensation and leverage is also a core function of a project manager. The work so divided must be based on equal consideration and proportion and it must not put on employee under great stress in contrast to other enjoying relaxation from the decision making and responsibilities and duties fulfillment. The second most prevalent challenge that is faced by the software project managers in modern times is that of creating an actual relationship between the virtual world activities and the real world scenarios. Often the software project mangers suffer issues merging the two facets of the digital virtual world of software related projects. Too much virtual environment makes it easy to appear but in actual it gets further difficult to handle, co relating between the different variables and bringing them onto one table. In the real world businesses the tasks so performed are done so through the actual interactions and meetings. In the case of online multiple units spread out software enterprises that are connected online, it at times becomes a challenge taking them on board and gathering in a collective meeting. Hence the virtual nature of the applications, the softwares, the clients and stakeholders,

Principles of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Principles of Marketing - Essay Example ace’ component of the marketing mix this paper will discuss what distribution strategies are used in the industry, with an analysis of how much information is given during the adverts. Lastly this paper will discuss whether or not the adverts tell us anything about distribution and if the product utilizes a push or pull strategy. According to National Geographic (2010) the annual expenditures on cosmetics globally is approximately U.S. $18 billion annually. According to a study conducted by the UK based cosmetic store ‘Superdrug’ it is the case that 70% of women in the UK do not leave the house without makeup (Oneindia.com, 2010). Given the size of this industry and the demand for product there is little question that there are a number of different players have carved out a niche in the mascara industry. While the history of mascara may go back over a century, in the modern context some of the largest players in this market are L’Oreal, Revlon and Maybelline. Moreover, there are a number of smaller independent cosmetics makers that create niche products in the market such as Mary Kay. As it is the case there are different firms with different strategies it is difficult to pinpoint exactly what strategy is employed for each individual company. With aggressive strategies In terms of the promotion mix, advertising plays a very important role with the utilization of most media outlets such as television and radio adverts, billboards, in-store displays, direct marketing campaigns, web-content and even product placement. According to Peachey (2002) Revlon spent  £5m to play a pivotal part in the storyline of the American soap opera, ‘All My Children’ which frequently references the Mascara product offerings of the company. In the example of Mary Kay the company utilizes an aggressive ‘personal selling’ strategy so that an element of expert advice can be provided to help educate consumers of what product offerings can best meet the needs of the

Project Management Challenges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management Challenges - Essay Example A project manager may have to perform extra hard in case of chains being spread across different parts of the world where different cultural values are in place. In a broadly segmented and international enterprises where the employees are appointed from different domains and locations, the factor of cultural context and other variables also becomes important with regard to the project manger’s tasks and duties. Cultural consideration is a subsequent challenge that comes along with the international Human Resource Management handling. Ensuring that the responsibilities are assigned to the people in the due manner without giving any one in the organization any compensation and leverage is also a core function of a project manager. The work so divided must be based on equal consideration and proportion and it must not put on employee under great stress in contrast to other enjoying relaxation from the decision making and responsibilities and duties fulfillment. The second most prevalent challenge that is faced by the software project managers in modern times is that of creating an actual relationship between the virtual world activities and the real world scenarios. Often the software project mangers suffer issues merging the two facets of the digital virtual world of software related projects. Too much virtual environment makes it easy to appear but in actual it gets further difficult to handle, co relating between the different variables and bringing them onto one table. In the real world businesses the tasks so performed are done so through the actual interactions and meetings. In the case of online multiple units spread out software enterprises that are connected online, it at times becomes a challenge taking them on board and gathering in a collective meeting. Hence the virtual nature of the applications, the softwares, the clients and stakeholders,

Workout World problem Essay Example for Free

Workout World problem Essay Fourth, independent owners do not follow a unified working time of seven in the morning to seven in the afternoon. Some operates on this working but do not. It creates so much confusion. Fifth, the strength of teamwork is gone. The central problem is the â€Å"huge bureaucracy developing and this is having negative effect on members and potential customers due to inconsistencies that have arisen across different services offered by Workout World. Before I offer solution or option and recommendation, it is quite important to understand what bureaucracy is. Nicos P. Monzelis said that â€Å"typical administrative apparatus corresponding to the legal type of domination is called bureaucracy† (Monzelis, p. 17). In other words, bureaucracy is a legal type of domination. Monzelis noted that term bureaucracy, especially in political writings often implies an abuse of power, a situation where officials have more power than is necessary for the performance of their tasks (p. 26). Going back to the Workout World problem, based on the concept given by Monzelis, we can analyze in detail the problem. First, bureaucracy is a legal domination. The independent owners of the four other business departments of the Workout World is clearly exerting domination as they already doing business in the name of Workout World independent to the general goals and policies of Workout World under the management of Peter Watson. Their staff were no longer cooperating or contributing towards the main objectives of the Workout World. Second, owners of independent sports department are now exerting more power than is necessary for their performance as they initiate moves that runs counter to the general goals of Workout World. That is collective promotion of the Workout World not independent promotion as this creates conflict and confusion on customers. In order for Peter Watson to cope or address the problem, he has to have enormous power and influence. Jeffrey Pfeffer noted the result of the survey conducted by Canadian business school, that â€Å"interdepartmental coordination, promotion and transfer decisions, and decisions about facilities and equipment allocation†¦ to be highly involve with power† (p. 35). Pfeffer emphasized that â€Å"to be successful in getting things done in organizations, it is critical that you be able to diagnose the relative power of the various participants and comprehend the patterns of interdependence† (p. 49). It means Peter Watson must carefully analyze the present situation, the strength and weakness of the independent departments, as the saying goes â€Å"to know your enemy is to win half of the battle. But where does power come? Pfeffer pointed out that â€Å"power comes from being in the right place† (p. 49). Pfeffer gave three good position to acquire power: (1) control over resources such as budgets, physical facilities, and position that can be used to cultivate allies and supporters; (2) control over or extensive access to information – about the organization’s activities, about the preferences and judgments of others, about what is going on, and who is doing it, and (3) formal authority. The Principles of Organizational Structure Helmy H. Baligh offer the concept of organization in the effort made by two persons to do some great task. Baligh said, â€Å"An organization structure would have a set of two people, and one or two decisions to be made† (Baligh, p. 2). Baligh pointed out that â€Å"while they were in the process of doing what they have decided to do, they were an organization† (p. 2). Baligh said, they were people who are connected by decision rules that they make for one another to use to determine what they are to decide or do. He noted that â€Å"together, the people and the rules that connected their decisions were an organization structure which determines what was to get done† (p. 2). Maria Burke noted that it is important to take into consideration the cultural context of an organization in order to establish a well-sounded communication. He emphasized the role of culture and its impact in the development of management system which is significant in the structure of an organization (p. 678).

Threats to public health

Threats to public health The purpose of this essay is to critically discuss the threats to public health and analyse the contribution of social sciences in this respect. I will illustrate the answer by underlying the causation of new public health and comment on how to promote new public health. The essay will aim at the importance of understanding public health professionally, supported by research and evidence. The essay will also outline the affects of globalisation. Baum (2001) believes that definition for public health have changed and developed since the nineteenth century. On the other hand, Costello and Haggort (2003) defines that public health has multiple concept which consist on a wide range of social, political and economic perspective. Public health has been described as both new and old (Costello and Haggort, 2003). Armstrong (1988 cited in Baum, 2001) noted that public health in the nineteenth century was more viewed with physical interaction between body and environment (Baum, 2001). However, he believes that new public health is more concerned to achieve healthy individuals, societies and environment. These activities will organised by societies and government to protect public from disease and to promote healthy lifestyle. It is believed that the new public health will work to ensure practices of government and private sector to promote equity and health between different groups of people within our society. (Baum, 2001) As a new public health professional, my role will be to identify the impact of new public health threats and causation to treat and promote health in our society, The author further argues that it is important to change global economic system. He emphasised on promoting public health and environment in order to achieve the vision of new public health (Baum, 2001). Although Benson, et al, (2008) food policy report highlights that food crisis is one of the major global health issue, which needs to be analysed. They believe that high rising of food prices are one of the causes of famine in some developing countries. However, Baum (2001) argues that growth of multinational companies can also be seen as the major threat to environment and publics health in poor countries. He also underline that ill health has increased massively among the poor countries even when their national economy system has grown. For instance it has been mentioned by UNCTAD (2008) that food price index has increased 84 percent in China and India, although their economy rates were growing at record rates. Furthermore, in many developing countries the crisis has caused a long-term effect in the sector of agriculture productivity. All these factors are contributing towards food crisis. UNCTAD (2008) describes that there are three types of solution in response to sustain economical growth in developing, short-term, medium tern and long-term policy. These policies aim to reduce food prices for consumers. The short-term policy can be effective if government assist to boost production for poor smallholder farmers. The medium-term policy solution is to support farmers by giving a decent return on food production. This could motivate farmers in developing countries to boost production. Although the long term-policy solution is for developing countries to promote agricultural production by providing better knowledge and training to farmers and investing in the international market to tackle global food crisis(UNCTD, 2008) Costello and Haggort (2003) however pointed out that in past health inequalities amongst social class have had great influence on individuals health. They argued that people who experiences ill health in their childhood continues to develop problems related to their health in later life. This can mean that people from poor background will experience poor health and the affluent societies will always benefits good health throughout their life. However, Baum (2001) argued that health inequality is very common in developing country. This has been caused by expense in healthcare sector for public and poor distribution of wealth in their country. Baum (2001) stated that globalization has potential implication both negative and positive on public health. Moreover, Lee (2000) defines globalization as a natural changing process of human interaction in terms of economic, political, social, cultural and environmental. However, BMJ (2002) article highlights factors which can influence socioeconomic status, education, gender and age which could happen both positively and negatively for an individual. The article however, argues that faeachems statement about globalization is mostly good for you health is not based on reality ground. The article continues to debate the challenges of globalization. On the other hand, Lee (2000) highlighted that large numbers of death has been resulted in adults due to non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular, cancer and respiratory diseases. This is believed to have an immense effect of globalization in the United Kingdom. Other non-communicable disease has been affected by the global change in our environment and lifestyle. It is believed that television viewing is also linked with sedentary lifestyle, particularly children who have been mostly affected to an increase in globalised lifestyle. On the contrary, Lohr et al (cited in Lee, 2000) describes the positive changes of globalization such as evidence based medicine and clinical practice guidelines has spread from United Kingdom and America to Europe and other parts of the world. He believes that the knowledge of medicine practice has been shared worldwide to benefit public health. Labonte and Torgerson (2005) stated that the impact of globalization is not un-known in western countries. They stated that international organisations needs to critically recongnise the consequence of globalization in poor countries. Although, BMJ (2002) believes it is significant to provide evidence based approach to globalization and health to analayse the impact of some policies. For instance, World Trade organization needs to open propasals for all sectors of the economy such as NHS which was introduce in Britian through private finance initiative. The article further highlights priority issues which need to be debated such as health services in the United Kingdom. On the contrary, Lee (2000) stated in his article that World Health Organisation has been playing a major role to address global health challenges such as control on tobacco use and minimizing factors that cause malaria. On the other hand Labonte and Torgerson (2005) argued that the World Health Organisation has identified several serious health-related issues such as negative effects of cost recovery for healthcare service, free health programs for poor people, limited recourses for health and education. On the contrary Daar et al ( 2002 cited in Labonte and Torgerson, 2005) stated that government has paid very little attention to public health system in poor countries. Labonte and Togerson, (2005) identified that the impacts on health is a consequences of globalization, which interacts with domestic political and economic. They further argued that their concern is equity in health between nations. However, the health impact of globalization has caused immense mortality, morbidity and disability rates. According to Labonte and Togerson (2005) researchers believes that critical steps need to be taken to tackle health disease faced in poor countries. Lee (2000) suggested that policy makers and health professional needs to be involve in global public health issues. On the contrary, Baum (2001) believes that it will be hard to tackle the socio and economic aspects of health as it could bring argument with views of those, who believes in benefiting poor people in the society. He also described that public health will need to be global to be effect. The global health inequalities and inequities within countries are increasing and new diseases and environmental issues will emerge as a result of neglecting global health issues (Baum, 2001). Although Lee (2000) suggested that another possible solution to tackle global health issues is to draw attention of the public to inform them about the importance of globalization to public health, for instance through media and press. He believes that it is vital that the government provides financial support for research project on global health issues. On the other hand BMJ (2002) stated that global trade can minimize economical inequality for developing countries. Furthermore, the article suggests that world leaders such as G8 submits needs to review the issue of globalization and provide financial aid to developing countries, who have been massively suffered from globalization. The article also suggested that health professionals need to carry basic research to improve health in poor enviroments. Baum (2001) stated that new public health threats in the twenty-first century will have a great impact on economic, health and environment. Consequently, public health professionals needs to address these new threats to public, plan strategies and make policies to tackle public health issues. He further argued that new threats to environment and health will rapidly increase in numbers Armstrong (1988 cited in Baum, 2001) suggested that the new public health will also need to include participation of communities to promote health and equity. In conclusive, as a public health professional, I will need to tackle and find ways to treat new public health threats. In my viewpoint, socioeconomic factor can have a great influence on public health. Consequently, I will need to take sociological approach to treat health and illness. I will also need to promote health to inform the public of the new threats to improve health status. To reduce health inequality between socioeconomic will be priority for public health professional. REFERENCE Baum. F. (2002) The New Public Health 2nd ed. Oxford University Press Benson, T.et al (2008) Global food crises: IFPRI food policy report. [Internet] Available from: http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ib55_0.pdf. [Accessed on 7th of December 2009] Brithish Medical Journal (2002) Globalisation and Health. Vol 324, Pp: 44-52 Costello, J, and Haggort, M. (2003) Public health and society Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Labonete. R. and Torgerson, R. (2005) Interrogating globalisation, health and development: Towards a comphrensive framework for research, p;icy and political action. Cricitical public health;15(2):157-179 Lee, K. (2000) The impact of globalisation on public health: implication for the UK faculty of public health medicine; 22(3): 253-262 UNCTAD (2008) Policy briefs no;2 [Internet] Available from: http://unctad.org/en/docs/presspb20081_en.pdf [Accessed on 7th of December 2009]

Does Money Buy Happiness?, by Don Peck and Ross Douthat :: Money and Happiness Essays

Erika’s sweet sixteen is today, and her parents bought her a brand new car. She pulls into the school’s parking lot and flaunts about how her parents not only got her a car, but also a trip to Italy. People start to walk away, even some of her best friends. As the day goes on, her friends have not talked to her since morning. Fed up, Erika asks them what is wrong. Kristie, one of her friends, tells her how they cannot stand listening to her talk about her ostentatious gifts anymore. When Erika gets home from school, her mom asks her what is wrong. It is then she realizes what her friends were trying to say and tells her mother she does not want the car anymore. Her mother, astounded, asks why not and gets a reply of money cannot buy friends, nor can it buy happiness. According to â€Å"Does Money Buy Happiness,† by Don Peck and Ross Douthat, they disagree with the connection between money and happiness. Happiness is a feeling adults experience when they receive a gift, win something, and various other reasons, but does money buy this happiness everyone experiences? Don Peck and Ross Douthat claim money does buy happiness, but only to a point in their article which originally appeared in the Atlantic Monthly (252). Throughout their article, reasons on why money can sometimes buy happiness are explained. While some of the reasons given are effective, not all are satisfying answers for adults working diligently to make a living. Money is a part of everyone’s life, yet it is not always the cause of happiness. One reason described to be a cause of happiness is income. Don Peck and Ross Douthat indicate how, â€Å"National income appears to be one of the best single predictors of overall well-being, explaining perhaps 40 percent of the difference in contentment among nations† (352). With this statement, comes the explanation of how income can influence happiness in adults who strive to earn a living. Research illustrates how, â€Å"For individual countries, with few exceptions, self-reported happiness has increased as incomes have risen† (Douthat 352). While these two statements provide sufficient evidence for the reason of income bringing happiness, income itself is not relevant.

I Was Mugged Essays -- Personal Narrative, essay about myself

I was mugged tonight. It was about 11pm, and I was walking home from the gym, and for some reason I decided to the Other Route. I walked down Valencia to 15th instead of 14th, and headed down the block that's supposed to be one of the worst in the city, along the side of the Valencia Street Projects. It was a beautiful, warm night, and tons of people were hanging out outside. It looked like a few drug deals were being had, but usually no one hassles me. I was wearing my torn up jeans jacket that I bought 13 years ago in high school, my jogging shorts and old Nikes, and my hair was all messy. How the hell could I have looked like a person with money? I was walking down this one particular block, thinking to myself, "wow, racism is bad." And then I thought about how this block was one of the first things that people warned me about when I moved into my hood, and how mad at me my ex-boyfriend John would be if he knew I was walking down that street, and how my parents would be pissed, and how really, logically speaking, it was a pretty stupid thing to do. But I made eye contact with one dude who was pretty cute and he smiled at me and I smiled at him and I kept walking, thinking, "well, there are some cute people in the projects." I wa... ...ds them. "You pathetic losers! You got my money, but you don't have my pride." (Sure it is a clichà ©, but hell, give me some credit, I did just get mugged!) "You two are the losers for doing that!" Why bother filing a report? These skinny kids have enough problems without having the cops go in there and remind them how desperate and lacking in dignity they are. In the war between good and evil, it is not always who walks away with the goods, but the who deserved them in the first place, and how they were attained. So I trotted home to write this up. Thirty bucks for a story to tell. Not a bad deal, really.

Psychology of Human behavior Essay

Psychology is an aspect of science which basically study behavior and the human mind. The definition is a triad of component in that it contains a scientific scope or aspect, the human behavior and the human mind. The scientific study approach each aspect of it study in a systematic approach and in an objective manner of observing the changes and the experiment as a whole. Behavior see the changes in what human do such as measuring or observing things like blinking of an eye or tachycardia which simply means increase in heart rate. The mind is the unconscious and conscious mental aspect of humans. There has been a lot of psychological influence both in the past and present on the perception of human behavior, all of which can be attributed to the great research and experiment conducted by different psychologist and scientist to understand human nature. In the aspect of learning, there are different experiments conducted to understand what learning entails. Some of the works range from the experiments of the Edwards Lee Thorndike in the year 1898. He was one the people that lay the foundation of the new behaviorism. He conducted an experiment on the animal learning modalities where he used cats. The cats were placed in a cage and food was then placed outside the cage. He timed the duration the cats took to learn the method of opening the cage to get to the food. He then repeated the experiments and later found that the cats would repeat such behavior that already worked for the cats so it can escape to get the food. With the result of the experiment he then proposed the â€Å"the law of effect†. Among the great works on the behaviorism is the work of the Russian Ivan Pavlov. He is a physiologist and he had won a Nobel Prize before the experiment on the behaviorism. He conducted this experiment in 1906. The experiment which was later termed or called the pavlovian or classical condition has since remained one of the most important principle of the learning and human behavior. He found out that a dog that has food repeatedly placed in it’s mouth will tend to salivate even if the food is placed in the dogs mouth. He then conditioned the placement of food in the dog’s mouth with the ringing of the bell. He later discovers that if the bell is rang alone even without placing the food in the dog’s mouth, the dog will eventually salivate. In this experiment, Pavlov proved that there is a type of learning where organisms tend to associate one stimulus with another. He called this the classical conditioning. Later researches had already confirmed that this learning modalities to be common in most people (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). Thorndike and Pavlov works serves as template for other developers of the theory of behaviorism. In the year 1913, a renowned psychologist at the Johns Hopkins University known as John Watson publish his research work on the animal behavior. This set a clear vision for the psychology of behavior. Publication entitled â€Å"Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It. † With his goals to completely redefine the concept of behaviorist psychology wrote a purely objective experimental branch of natural science (Microsoft Encarta, 2008). He encourages his other contemporaries to abandon all the speculative theories about unconsciousness. He emphasized on the importance of observing and the need also to quantify behavior. The works of John Watson encourage more American psychologists to adopt the concept of behaviorism and the use of animals for such experiments. Later there were different setting up of laboratories that with the sole purpose of studying, predicting and controlling human behavior. what the behaviorist focused on is to vary a stimulus in a specified period in time and then observe the animals’ response to such varied response. The psychologist of that time sees no reason why speculation should be made in regards to the site of the mental abilities. One of the Watson point of view is of belief that recording of certain musculature in the oropharynx should be the order of the day and not just talking to oneself silently. In the late 1930s behaviorism was taking to another pedestal with the works of the B. F Skinner. He was regarded as the most forceful leader of behaviorism and he coined the word reinforcement, he made an apparatus named the Skinner box and this he used to test the animals. He conducted the animal experiment on rats and pigeon and then identified some specific response and mode of learning. He argued that there is always a place of reinforcement in human learning process. The reinforcement can be from within the person’s vicinity. He called this process of learning the operant conditioning. B. F. Skinner experiments and point of view made him one of the most famous behaviorists of the 20th century. Operant conditioning explains the way a mouse can learn to maneuver via a maze. What Skinner did was to reward the mouse with a food when the mouse gets to the side of the first turn of the maze. So once this first part of learning is ingrained, the reward giving to the mouse is then stopped until the mouse is able to make the second turn and after several times of moving through the maze the mouse will get to the end of it and gets its rewards. The works of Skinner was later applied in behavior modification in places like the classrooms and hospitals. â€Å"With his knowledge in human behavior and learning, he later invented the first teaching machine† (Microsoft Encarta, 2008).